This book, as the intellectual reflection of author's dedicated work in rural poverty alleviation for years and experimental initiatives of rural development undertaken in over thirty villages in Yunnan and other provinces, probes straightforward into theoretical and practical issues such as the sustainability of the small-scale farming economy, the enduring revitalization of rural communities post-poverty alleviation, challenges in the new socialist countryside, and diverse strategies in rural development. Through distinctive rural practices and comprehensive analysis, this book would provide readers with a panoramic understanding for the complex and transformative China's countryside amidst globalization, and be an insightful and multidimensional reference for policymakers, scholars, and rural development practitioners to pave the way to modernized rural areas.