This book probes into 18 enigmatic topics in Buddhism history with scriptures and substantial materials unearthed from the Gandhara region, including relievos, statues, pagodas, and coins. As the mysteries unfold – "Why did the rulers of the Kushan Empire, as recorded by Xuanzang, have flames from their shoulders?" "Could the Flying Emperor (Cakravarti-raja) truly soar through the skies?" "What inspired the name 'Anser Pagoda'?" "What was the connection between Buddha and the dragon Nāga?" “Why did Empress Wu Zetian claim to be the reincarnation of Maitreya?” – the evolution of Buddhism from a solely Gandhara religion towards a global one which has profound impact on the civilization, society, and politic of medieval China, has been illuminated and delivered to all the readers.