Compiled jointly by many well-known archaeologists and scholars invited by the National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences, this book summarizes China’s archaeological achievements over the past century in an all-round manner and offers a glimpse into the splendor of Chinese civilization. The whole book is divided into two parts: Unity in Diversity and Historical Materials. It briefly introduces a number of famous archaeological sites in China, including Sanxingdui, Jinsha, Liangzhu Ancient City, and the Tomb of Marquis of Haihun, as well as unearthed documents, including oracle-bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, bamboo slips of the Warring States period collected by Tsinghua University, bamboo slips of the Qin Dynasty unearthed at Shuihudi in Yunmeng County, and bamboo slips discovered in Dunhuang. The book aims to highlight the characteristics (such as unity in diversity), ideologies, and brilliant achievements of Chinese civilization and demonstrate the great contribution of Chinese civilization to the world.