The book consists of three parts and mainly discusses the socialist market economy and the law of value, the socialist economic system and institutions, and the socialist political economy. These representative articles included in the book systematically discuss the theory of China’s socialist market economy, China’s economic system and institutional reform, actual macroeconomic conditions, economic growth, as well as related policies and practices, providing an insight into the theoretical underpinning of socialist political economy. The book is a condensation of Professor Gu Shutang’s research and teaching experience in economic theory and socialist political economy.