The book analyzes the landscape elements of Dunhuang frescoes in different periods with an aim to explore the particular features of the era and the style of Chinese landscape paintings at that time. Meanwhile, the book explores the essence of traditional Chinese culture and its influence on Buddhist art based on those landscape elements. The book is divided into four chapters. The first chapter reviews the emergence of landscape elements in Dunhuang frescoes and the influence of traditional thoughts on it. The second chapter provides a detailed analysis of some landscape elements in Dunhuang frescoes from the Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty. The third chapter focuses on the layout of landscape paintings. The fourth chapter describes a major change in landscape painting emerging from the late Tang Dynasty—the transition from blue-green-colored landscape paintings towards ink landscape paintings—and sheds light on the social causes behind the change.